Aerodynamic Effect on Stability and Lift Characteristics of an Elevated Sedan Car

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.sidebar##

Published May 13, 2022
https://doi.org/10.37285/ajmt.1.2.6
Download
Requires Subscription or Fee Pdf (USD 20)
Statistic

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022): April-June 2022

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##

Amrutheswara Krishnamurthy
PES University, Bangalore-560085, Karnataka, India
Dr.Suresh Nagesh
PES University, Bangalore-560085, Karnataka, India

Abstract

There is a strong interaction between air and vehicle components. Aerodynamics plays a significant role in a vehicle's fuel efficiency. The contact patch load between the tire and road is directly related to the vehicle load. In this research, the lift forces generated due to the additional wing attached to the car model with different spans and heights of the wing location from the car body is considered for study. The loads due to change in Angle of Attack (AOA) and their effect on the tire loads are studied. The upward vertical force produced from aerodynamic loads reduces the wheel load of the car virtually. A tire's coefficient of friction would decrease with upward vertical force. This balance load implies that a lightweight car would make more efficient use of its tires than a heavier car. ANSYS Fluent is used for the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study. The validation of airflow characteristics, lift and drag forces from simulations are done with wind tunnel testing data. Varying the angle of attack, wingspan, height between the car and the wing's lower surface, one can increase the capacity of the payload by 10% or fuel efficiency by 10% to 20%.


Keywords: Aerodynamics,,Navier Stoke equation, Nozzle effect, Car-wing, Drag, Lift

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##

How to Cite
Amrutheswara Krishnamurthy, & Dr.Suresh Nagesh. (2022). Aerodynamic Effect on Stability and Lift Characteristics of an Elevated Sedan Car. ARAI Journal of Mobility Technology, 2(2), 205–213. https://doi.org/10.37285/ajmt.1.2.6
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

References

  1. Ahmed, S., Ramm, G., & Faltin, G. (1984). Some Salient Features Of The Time-Averaged Ground Vehicle Wake. SAE Technical Paper Series, 473– 503. https://doi.org/10.4271/840300
  2. Baffet, G., Charara, A., & Lechner, D. (2009). Estimation of vehicle sideslip, tire force and wheel cornering stiffness. Control Engineering Practice, 17(11), 1255–1264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2009.05.005
  3. Bayındırlı, C., & Çelik, M. (2018). The Experimentally and Numerically Determination Of The Drag Coefficient Of A Bus Model. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 7(3), 117–123. https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.486409
  4. Department of Automatic Control Lund Institute of Technology, & Gerard, M. (2006). Tire-Road Friction Estimation Using Slip-based Observers (ISRN LUTFD2/TFRT--5771--SE). http://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=8847816&fileOId=8859385
  5. Dominy, R. G. (1992). Aerodynamics of Grand Prix Cars. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 206(4), 267–274. https://doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1992_206_187_02
  6. Gaylard, A., Kabanovs, A., Jilesen, J., Kirwan, K., & Lockerby, D. (2017). Simulation of rear surface contamination for a simple bluff body. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 165, 13–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2017.02.019
  7. Gillespie, T. D. (1992). Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics. SAE International.
  8. Guilmineau, E. (2014). Numerical Simulations of Flow around a Realistic Generic Car Model. SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems, 7(2), 646–653. https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-0607
  9. Guilmineau, E. (2018). Effects of Rear Slant Angles on the Flow Characteristics of the Ahmed Body by IDDES Simulations. SAE Technical Paper Series, 001–0010. https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-0720
  10. Hucho, W., & Sovran, G. (1993). Aerodynamics of Road Vehicles. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 25(1), 485–537. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.25.010193.002413
  11. Huminic, A., Huminic, G., & Soica, A. (2012). Study of aerodynamics for a simplified car model with the underbody shaped as a Venturi nozzle. International Journal of Vehicle Design, 58(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijvd.2012.045927
  12. Katz, J. (2006). AERODYNAMICS OF RACE CARS. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 38(1), 27–63. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fluid.38.050304092016
  13. Kim, I., & Chen, H. (2010). Reduction of aerodynamic forces on a minivan by a pair of vortex generators of a pocket type. International Journal of Vehicle Design, 53(4), 300. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijvd.2010.034103
  14. Mansour, H., Afify, R., & Kassem, O. (2020). Three-Dimensional Simulation of New Car Profile. Fluids, 6(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids6010008
  15. Matsumoto, D., Kiewat, M., Haag, L., & Indinger, T. (2018). Online Dynamic Mode Decomposition Methods for the Investigation of Unsteady Aerodynamics of the DrivAer Model (First Report). International Journal of Automotive Engineering, 9(2), 64–71. https://doi.org/10.20485/jsaeijae.9.2_64
  16. Menter, F. R. (1994). Two-equation eddyviscosity turbulence models for engineering applications. AIAA Journal, 32(8), 1598–1605. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.12149
  17. Nabil, T., Helmy Omar, A. B., & Mohamed Mansour, T. (2020). Experimental Approach and CFD Simulation of Battery Electric Vehicle Body. International Journal of Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Sciences, 6(2), 36. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfmts.20200602.11
  18. Milliken, W. F. (1995). [Race Car Vehicle Dynamics (Premiere Series)] [Author: William F. Milliken] [December, 1995]. SAE International.
  19. Olson, B., Shaw, S., & Ste'pa'n, G. (2003). Nonlinear Dynamics of Vehicle Traction. Vehicle System Dynamics, 40(6), 377–399. https://doi.org/10.1076/vesd.40.6.377.17905
  20. Romijn, T., Hendrix, W., & Donkers, M. (2017). Modeling and Control of a Radio-Controlled Model Racing Car. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 50(1), 9162–9167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2017.08.1726
  21. Ružinskas, A., & Sivilevičius, H. (2017). Magic Formula Tyre Model Application for a Tyre-Ice Interaction. Procedia Engineering, 187, 335– 341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.383
  22. Strangfeld, C., Wieser, D., Schmidt, H. J., Woszidlo, R., Nayeri, C., & Paschereit, C. (2013). Experimental Study of Baseline Flow Characteristics for the Realistic Car Model DrivAer. SAE Technical Paper Series, 2342– 2350. https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-1251
  23. Targosz, M., Skarka, W., & Przystałka, P. (2018). Model-Based Optimization of Velocity Strategy for Lightweight Electric Racing Cars. Journal of Advanced Transportation, 2018, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3614025
  24. Tunay, T., Sahin, B., & Ozbolat, V. (2014). Effects of rear slant angles on the flow characteristics of Ahmed body. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 57, 165–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2014.04016
  25. Varney, M., Passmore, M., Wittmeier, F., & Kuthada, T. (2020). Experimental Data for the Validation of Numerical Methods: DrivAer Model. Fluids, 5(4), 236. https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids5040236
  26. Varshney, H. (2017). Aerodynamic Drag Reduction of Tractor-Trailer using Wishbone Type Vortex Generators. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, V(IX), 1833–1846. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2017.9266
  27. Viswanathan, H. (2021). Aerodynamic performance of several passive vortex generator configurations on an Ahmed body subjected to yaw angles. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 43(3), 25–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-021-02850-8
  28. Wang, R., & Wang, J. (2013). Tire–road friction coefficient and tire cornering stiffness estimation based on longitudinal tire force difference generation. Control Engineering Practice, 21(1), 65–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2012.09.009
  29. Zhang, X., Toet, W., & Zerihan, J. (2006). Ground Effect Aerodynamics of Race Cars. Applied Mechanics Reviews, 59(1), 33–49. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2110263
  30. Haslam, E. Shikimic Acid Metabolism and Metabolites, John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1993.
  31. Techart for the Panamera models. (n.d.). Techart. https://www.techart.de/en/models/panamera/techart-for-970/
  32. Porsche Panamera 4S. (n.d.). Porsche AG - Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG. https://www.porsche.com/international/models/panamera/panamera-models/panamera-4s/