Instruction to Author

Article Submission Criteria

To ensure a smooth submission process, all authors must review and adhere to the publishing benchmarks and guidelines outlined below before submitting their articles. Ensure that your article has been prepared following the step-by-step guidelines for submitting a manuscript to our online submission system before submitting. Ignore these instructions if you are submitting a revised manuscript, responding to a technical check inquiry, or have already submitted the paper to our journal.

Types of Articles

Authors must verify that the submission of their article aligns with the relevant category enlisted from the available options:

Research Papers: They should include a hypothesis, background study, methods, results, interpretation of findings, and a discussion of possible implications.
Review Papers: Should provide a critical and constructive analysis of existing published literature in a field, through summary, analysis, and comparison, often identifying specific gaps or problems and providing recommendations for future research.
Case Studies: Case study research design should involve qualitative methods, but quantitative methods are sometimes also used. Case studies should be good at describing, comparing, evaluating and understanding different aspects of a research problem.

Basic Requirements in the Manuscript:

Words Count in the article should not exceed 5000 words, excluding Abstract, Methods, Tables, References, and figure legends.
The page count should not be more than 20 pages.
Submitting File Size: Each file should not exceed 10MB (.doc/.docx/ PDF).
The title word count should not be more than 50.
Abstract word count should be a minimum of 200 words and a maximum of 300 words.
Keyword count should be a minimum of 5 and a maximum of 10.
Font Name and Font Size: Times New Roman, Font Size 12, the double column with 1.05 multiple spacing and justified.
The figures count should not be more than 15 figures. The figures should be 300 dpi.
Tables count should not be more than 10, and each table should not exceed one page.
Figure Legend's word count should not exceed 350 words per figure.
Graphical Abstracts / Highlights files: Optional.
Supplemental files: Optional
Spell and Grammar: Authors must confirm that they have read and understood the content of their submitted article and ensure that it meets acceptable English grammar and usage standards. To help with the proofreading process, authors can use tools like Grammarly or similar applications.
The abbreviations count should not be more than 15 abbreviations. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout the article.
Declaration: Authors must include an accountability declaration outlining each author’s involvement in all articles, including reviews. The level of detail required may vary, but it’s best to place the declaration after the conclusion before the reference section. For more detailed information, please download the Declaration form.
The reference count should not be more than 80.
Referee suggestions: To be bestowed based on journal requirements.
Footnote: Footnote should not be employed.

Manuscript Format

Your manuscript should be in MS Word format and should be written in clear, comprehensible English. If you are concerned about the level of English in your submission, please have it checked with the English grammar tools or a scientific editing service before submitting it.

During the peer-review process, authors are encouraged to upload versions using feedback/comments. Editors and reviewers can only download these files of the submitted manuscript.

Title

For a broad audience, the title should reflect the intellectual relevance. The title should be no more than 50 words long and should provide readers with an overview of the relevance of the article. Titles should exclude unusual jargon, abbreviations, and punctuation. A running title, which conveys the sense of the full title (not to exceed 10 words) may be used. Indicate on the top “Research Paper” or “Review Paper” as appropriate.

Authors should avoid:

Titles that are a mere question without giving the answer
Unambitious titles, for example starting with 'Towards,' 'A description of,' 'A characterization of' or 'Preliminary study on'
Vague titles, for example starting with 'Role of', 'Link between', or 'Effect of' that do not specify the role, link, or effect
Including terms that are out of place, for example, the taxonomic affiliation apart from species name.

For Corrigenda, General Commentaries, and Editorials, the title of your manuscript should have the following format.

'Corrigendum: [Title of original article]'

General Commentaries:

'Commentary: [Title of original article]'
'Response: Commentary: [Title of original article]'
'Editorial: [Title of Research Topic]'

Authors & Affiliations

Authors' names must be spelt explicitly rather than placed in initials. All names should list together and separated by commas. Provide exact and correct author names as these will be indexed in official archives. Affiliations should be keyed to the author's name with superscript numbers and be listed as follows:

Laboratory, Institute, Department, Organization, City, State abbreviation (only for United States, Canada, and Australia), and Country (without detailed address information such as city zip codes or street names).

Correspondence

The corresponding author(s) should be marked with an asterisk in the author list. Provide the exact contact email address of the corresponding author(s) in a separate section. If any authors wish to include a change of address, list the present address(es) below the correspondence details using a unique superscript symbol keyed to the author(s) in the author list. The email addresses of the corresponding authors must be included for communication. Please keep in mind that before submitting the manuscript, all authors must read and approve the final version.

Artificial intelligence

These guidelines cover acceptable uses of generative AI technologies such as Large Language Models (ChatGPT, Jasper) and text-to-image generators (DALL-E 2, Midjourney, Stable Diffusion) in the writing or editing of manuscripts submitted to Frontiers.

AI use by authors

Authors should not list a generative AI technology as a co-author or author of any submitted manuscript. Generative AI technologies cannot be held accountable for all aspects of a manuscript and consequently do not meet the criteria required for authorship.

If the author of a submitted manuscript has used written or visual content produced by or edited using generative AI technology, this use must follow all AJMT guidelines and policies. Specifically, the author is responsible for checking the factual accuracy of any content created by the generative AI technology. This includes, but is not limited to, any quotes, citations or references. Figures produced by or edited using a generative AI technology must be checked to ensure they accurately reflect the data presented in the manuscript. Authors must also check that any written or visual content produced by or edited using generative AI technology is free from plagiarism.

If the author of a submitted manuscript has used written or visual content produced by or edited using a generative AI technology, such use must be acknowledged in the acknowledgements section of the manuscript and the methods section if applicable. This explanation must list the name, version, model, and source of the generative AI technology.

We encourage authors to upload all input prompts provided to a generative AI technology and outputs received from generative AI technology in the supplementary files for the manuscript.

Text

The entire document should be double-spaced and must contain page numbers to facilitate the review process. The text of the manuscript should be in Microsoft Word. The length of the manuscript cannot be more than 50000 characters (inclusive of spaces) or approximately 7000 words. See above for templates.

Structure of the Article

Authors must include a title page with author info and identify the corresponding author with an asterisk. Please structure the main body of the text in a way that fits the research. Authors can format their articles in double-column format or as per the journal Template.

Abstract

It is mandatory. As a primary goal, the abstract should make the general significance and conceptual advance of the work accessible to a broad readership. The abstract should concisely present the background of the topic, the purpose of the study, the research rationale, general methods, results, and conclusions. The abstract should be no longer than a single paragraph and should be structured, for example, according to the IMRAD format. The abstract should not exceed 300 words. The abstract's purpose is to provide enough information for a reader to determine whether or not to read the entire text of the article. Minimize the use of abbreviations and do not cite references, figures or tables.

Keywords/index terms

It is essential to use precise and accurate keywords in your research work. Including up to five keywords directly related to your study is recommended when drafting your abstract. Avoid using broad or plural terms, multiple concepts, or abbreviations not commonly used in your field. As these keywords will be used for indexing purposes, it is essential to use the most relevant and specific ones to ensure that your intended audience quickly discovers your research work. All article types require a minimum of five and a maximum of eight keywords, please avoid repeating terms from the title

There are a few simple ways to maximize your article's discoverability and search results.
Include a few of your article's keywords in the title of the article
Do not use long article titles
Pick 5-8 keywords using a mix of generic and more specific terms on the article subject(s)
Use the maximum number of keywords in the first two sentences of the abstract
Use some of the keywords in level 1 headings

Introduction

The introduction should include background information that provides a broad readership with an overall perspective on the topic and the study conducted. It addresses an issue and emphasizes its relevance concerning the study's significance. The introduction might be concluded with a quick explanation of the work's goal and a comment on whether or not that goal was met. The Introduction part should not be more than 1000 words long. Succinct, with no subheadings.

Materials and Methods

The overall experimental design and techniques utilized are described in this section. The goal is to provide enough information for other researchers to completely reproduce your findings. It is also necessary to assist in a better comprehension of the produced results. To repeat the experiments, detailed protocols and procedures for new approaches must be given. They must be accompanied by appropriate references, including a credit to the source. The methods section should be organized under major headings. There is no word limitation for the Methods section.

Theory / Calculation

In academic writing, the Theory section should expand upon the Introduction without repeating the same information. Its primary goal is to establish a solid groundwork for future research. On the other hand, the Calculation section applies theoretical concepts to real-world scenarios, demonstrating their practical uses.

Results

This section can be divided into subheadings. This section focuses on the results of the experiments performed. The Results section should describe the experimental data and their statistical significance as appropriate. Use paragraphs with headings stating the main findings. Results can be illustrated in figures or tables. Use units consistently throughout the manuscript. Sufficient data should be presented to allow for judgment of the variability and reliability of the results. Statistical probability (p) in tables, figures, and figure legends should be expressed as *p<0.05, **p<0.01, and ***p< 0.001. For second comparisons, one, two, or three daggers may be used. For multiple comparisons within a table, footnotes are italicized in lowercase, superscript letters are used and defined in the table legend. There is no word limitation for the results section, but a succinct description would look better for reading.

Discussion & Conclusion

This section should provide the significance of the results and identify the impact of the research in a broader context. It should not be redundant or similar to the content of the results section. Please use the conclusion section for interpretation only, and not to summarize information already presented in the text or abstract. The main findings must be integrated with the current literature with a positive and negative confirmation or new findings with suitable literature references to support the new contentions or findings. The Discussion section should not exceed 2000 words.

Acknowledgements

This is a short text to acknowledge the contributions of specific colleagues, institutions, or agencies that aided the efforts of the authors. Should the content of the manuscript have previously appeared online, such as in a thesis or preprint, this should be mentioned here, in addition to listing the source within the reference list. This section should be placed at the end of the text. Personal, technical or reagent help and assistance is noted here. Grants or financial support is acknowledged in this section.

Declaration Statement

All scholarly articles require accountability from every author, specifying their level of involvement in the research process. The level of detail required may vary based on the subject matter. The declaration should be placed after the conclusion but before the reference section.

Figures and style guidelines

All figures should be included in the paper, which should be submitted as a single file to the OJS system. Photographs, scanned images, graphs, charts, and schematic diagrams are examples of figures. Figures submitted should be free from unnecessary decorative effects (e.g., 3D graphs) and lightly manipulated (e.g. changes in brightness and contrast applied uniformly for the entire figure). It should also be placed on a white backdrop.

Remember to identify all figures including captions (below the picture) as required. These captions should be boldfaced and numbered (e.g., Figure 1, Figure 2, etc.) All figures must have a caption that describes the entire figure without citing specific panels, followed by a legend defined as a description of each panel.

Identify each panel with uppercase letters in parenthesis (e.g. A, B, C, etc.) The preferred file formats for any separately submitted figure(s) are TIFF or JPEG. All figures should be legible in print form and of optimal resolution. Optimal resolutions preferred are 300 dots per inch for RBG coloured, 600 dots per inch for greyscale and 1200 dots per inch for line art. Although there is no file size limitation imposed, authors are highly encouraged to compress their figures to an ideal size without unduly affecting the legibility and resolution of figures. This will also speed up the process of uploading in the submission system if necessary.

The Editor-in-Chief and Publisher reserve the right to request from author(s) the high-resolution files and unprocessed data and metadata files should the need arise at any point after manuscript submission for reasons such as production, evaluation or other purposes. The file name should allow for ease in identifying the associated manuscript submitted.

Tables, Lists and Equations and guidelines

All figures, tables and images will be published under a Creative Commons CC-BY license and permission must be obtained for the use of copyrighted material from other sources (including re-published/adapted/modified/partial figures and images from the internet). It is the responsibility of the authors to acquire the licenses, follow any citation instructions requested by third-party rights holders, and cover any supplementary charges.

Tables created using the Microsoft Word table function are preferred. The tables should include a title at the top. Titles and footnotes/legends should be concise. These must be submitted together with the manuscript. Likewise, lists and equations should be properly aligned and their meaning clear to readers. For listing things within the main body of the manuscript, please use roman numbers in parenthesis (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.).

Captions

Captions should be preceded by the appropriate label, for example, 'Figure 1.' Figure captions should be placed at the end of the manuscript. Figure panels are referred to by bold capital letters in brackets: (A), (B), (C), (D), etc.

Appendices

When handling multiple appendices, it is necessary to label them appropriately. This can be done by assigning them letters such as A, B, etc. To ensure clarity, equations should be numbered separately within each appendix, such as Eq. (A.1), Eq. (A.2), and so on. When dealing with subsequent addenda, it is essential to use proper numbering such as Eq. (B.1) and so forth. The same applies to tables and figures; they should be labelled with the appendix letter and numbers, such as Table A.1 and Fig. A.1.

Nomenclature

The use of abbreviations should be kept to a minimum. Non-standard abbreviations should be avoided unless they appear at least four times, and must be defined upon first use in the main text. Consider also giving a list of non-standard abbreviations at the end, immediately before the acknowledgements.

References

This section is compulsory and should be placed at the end of all manuscripts. Do not use footnotes or endnotes as a substitute for a reference list. The list of references should only include works that are cited in the text and that have been published or accepted for publication. Personal communications and unpublished works should be excluded from this section. For references in the reference list, all authors must be stated. Authors referenced are listed with their surnames followed by their initials. All references should be numbered (e.g. 1. 2. 3. etc.) and sequenced according to the order it appears as an in-text citation. References should follow the following pattern: Author(s), title of publication, full journal name in italics followed by year of publication, volume number, issue number in parenthesis and lastly, page range. If the referred article has more than three authors, list only the first three authors and abbreviate the remaining authors to italicized ‘et al.’ (meaning: “and others”). If the DOI is available, please include it after the page range. The upper limitation of the Reference total amount is 100, or the author will be asked to revise and resubmit the manuscript.

When modifying references, authors must avoid plagiarism at all costs. References must be cited and formatted accurately and linked to external databases. To achieve this, authors should use numerical numbers within square brackets sequentially (e.g., [1], [2]). Each numerical number should correspond to a single reference. It is highly recommended that authors only include articles, datasets, conference abstracts, or patents that have been accepted or published by recognized publications, preprint servers, or repositories. Grant details and acknowledgements should not be included in the references. It is essential that:

Include all authors unless the number exceeds six, in which case, mention the first author followed by ‘et al.’ For Example, Bellin, D. L. et al. Electrochemical camera chip for simultaneous imaging of multiple metabolites in biofilms. Nat. Commun. 7, 10535; 10.1038/ncomms10535 (2016).
Authors should be classified by their last name first, followed by a comma and their initials (with full stops) for their given names. For example (Printed journals), Schott, D. H., Collins, R. N. & Bretscher, A. Secretory vesicle transport velocity in living cells depends on the myosin V lever arm length. Cell Biol. 156, 35-39 (2002).
Please use Roman text for both article and dataset titles. The first word of the title should be capitalized and written precisely as it appears in the cited work, followed by a period. For example, Babichev, S. A., Ries, J. & Lvovsky, A. I. Quantum scissors: teleportation of single-mode optical states using a nonlocal single photon. Preprint at https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0208066 (2002).
To properly format book titles, utilize italics and capitalize the first letter of every word in the title. For example Smith, J. Syntax of referencing in How to reference books(ed. Smith, S.) 180-181 (Macmillan, 2013).
Please utilize italics when referring to journal and data repository names. It is appropriate to abbreviate them according to commonly used standards, including full stops. For example, Hao, Z., AghaKouchak, A., Nakhjiri, N. & Farahmand, A. Global integrated drought monitoring and prediction system (GIDMaPS) data sets. figsharehttps://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.853801 (2014).
Please utilize bold to indicate volume numbers followed by a comma.
Provide the complete page range (or article number) when applicable.

Reference formatting

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Article Submission and Template

Scope statement

When you submit your manuscript, you will be required to summarize in 200 words your manuscript's scope and its relevance to the journal and/or speciality section you're submitting to. The aim is to convey to editors and reviewers how the contents of your manuscript fit within the selected journal's scope.

This statement will not be published with your article if it is accepted for publication. The information will be used during the initial validation and review processes to assess whether the manuscript is a suitable fit for the chosen journal and speciality.

We encourage you to consider carefully where to submit your manuscript, as submissions to an unsuitable journal or speciality will result in delays and increase the likelihood of manuscript rejection. If you are submitting to a Research Topic, please also clarify how your submission is suited to the specific topic.

Cover Letter

A cover letter should be included as a separate file with all submissions. The cover letter should provide a brief description of what was previously known, the conceptual development of the findings, and the significance of the findings to a broad readership. The cover letter is confidential and will only be viewed by the editors. Reviewers will not be able to see it.

Supplementary Data

Suppose any essential information required to assess the validity of an article is not available through public sources. In that case, authors must provide it as Supplementary Data. Authors can submit supplementary data along with the article for peer review. The Supplementary Data will be published online with the accepted articles. It is essential that authors carefully review the Supplementary Data before submitting it because any changes made after publication will require a formal correction. Please note that the ARAI Journal of Mobility Technology (AJMT) does not edit, typeset, or proofread Supplementary Information. Therefore, it should be presented accurately and concisely at the initial submission to match the style and terminology of the rest of the article.

Statistical Standards

When incorporating statistical testing in a research article, it is essential to provide comprehensive information, including the name of the test, sample size (n), comparisons, normality of data, alpha level, and P values. Use descriptive statistics for summarising data sets, including n value, central tendency, and variability. When presenting graphs, it is necessary to include clearly labelled error bars and specify whether the number following ± is s.e.m. or s.d. The term “significant” should be used along with P values, while other words, such as “substantial” or “considerable”, should be precisely defined. Researchers should justify using a particular test and verify if the data adheres to the test’s assumptions. It is worth noting that researchers often encounter three errors during this process.

Authors can adjust the alpha level and employ ANOVA instead of multiple t-tests while comparing data sets to minimize errors. Ensuring the data is close to a normal distribution is essential for accurate statistical evaluations. To achieve this, authors should provide evidence of how they have assessed the normality of the data. If the data does not meet the test’s assumptions, alternative non-parametric methods should be considered. Please employ suitable statistical tests for small sample sizes or rationalize adopting large-sample tests.

Image Integrity and Processing

It is imperative to refrain from altering experimental images to deceive readers, particularly in the context of technical publications. When using an image or figure protected by copyright, obtaining permission from the owner before reuse is required. Additionally, it is essential to include a statement in the figure legend indicating that permission has been granted. Even if reuse is allowed, citing the source for proper attribution is still essential. For more detailed information, please visit the Image Integrity and Processing Policy.

Peer-Review Process

When submitting an article, combine the article’s text and figures into a single Microsoft Word file. Maintaining the image quality at 300 dots per inch (dpi) is essential to ensure optimal clarity and legibility. The articles submitted for publication go through a rigorous double-anonymized peer-review process to ensure their quality and accuracy. Our editors thoroughly review the articles to ensure they meet the required standards. The articles that meet the criteria will be forwarded to external reviewers who are experts in the field for further evaluation. Any articles that meet the standards are promptly accepted. Our editors may also seek expert advice to ensure the articles are of the highest quality. For more detailed information, please visit the peer-review policy of the journal.

Revised Articles

Only provide all text in a single file using MS-Word (.doc/.docx) for revised articles. The authors can format the article in a double column or the prescribed journal template. Authors ensure that:

Article texts and figures into a single file (MS Word) and maintain image quality at 300 dpi.
Page numbers (e.g., 1,2, 3) should be inserted in the footer of each page.
Times New Roman fonts are used for text, and the ‘symbols’ font is used for Greek characters.
Supplementary Data (if any) as a separate file, preferably in PDF format. The title of the article and its author list should be included on the first page of the Supplementary Data file.

Embargo Period for the Rejected Article

Upon rejection, the article will be embargoed from the re-submission process for six months. The author must explain the modifications made before resubmitting the article to the Associate Editor. The author must incorporate the revisions based on the negative feedback received. The Associate Editor will assign the Assistant Editor to scrutinize the resubmitted article to ensure that it has been revised as per the negative comments. For an in-depth understanding, kindly refer to the peer-review policy of the journal.

Copy Editing, Language, and Proof-Reading Services

The ARAI Journal of Mobility Technology (AJMT) refrains from offering comprehensive editing services for articles during publication. It is the author’s responsibility to enhance the language of their articles before submission or during the revision stage. Several proofreading tools like Grammarly can aid authors in this process. Additionally, authors can seek assistance from American Journal Experts to arbitrate these services. It is imperative to note that the cost of editing services is solely the author’s responsibility and does not guarantee peer review or publication acknowledgement selection.

Section Headings

Use boldface to number the section headings (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.). Similarly, use boldface to highlight subheadings, but differentiate them from primary headers using numbers (e.g. 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, etc.). Further subheading subsections should be separated by the numerals 1.1.1, 1.1.2, 2.1.1, 2.1.2, and so on.

Conflict of Interest and Funding

This section should include a declaration of any conflict of interest. It should also acknowledge funding sources if any.

In-text Citations

References must be listed at the end of the manuscript and numbered in the order that they appear in the text. In the text, citations should be indicated by the reference number in superscript square brackets. References should be cited in the text by giving the first author's name (or the first and second if they are the only authors) and the year of publication (e.g., Reddy and Kulkarni, 1998; Carver, 2006; or Kennedy et al., 2010). In the reference list, the references should be arranged alphabetically by author name. If reference is made to more than one publication by the same author(s) in the same year, suffixes (a, b, c, etc.) should be added to the year in the text citation and in the references list (e.g., Rao et al., 2010a; 2010b). The total number of references should not exceed 80 references (Review articles may contain up to 200 references).

Accessibility

We encourage authors to make the figures and visual elements of their articles accessible to the visually impaired. Effective use of colour can help people with low visual acuity, or colour blindness, understand an article's content. These guidelines are easy to implement and are under the W3C Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1), the standard for web accessibility best practices.

Ensure sufficient contrast between the text and its background. People with low visual acuity or colour blindness could find reading text with low-contrast background colour difficult. Try using colours that provide maximum contrast.

WC3 recommends the following contrast ratio levels:

Level AA, contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1
Level AAA, contrast ratio of at least 7:1

NOTE: Colour figures will be published in the online version only. The print version is set for greyscale (B&W format) printing.

References

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